Nicolas Cotoner succeeded his brother, Rafael Cotoner, as Grand Master. He strengthened Malta's defenses by constructing the Cottonera Lines fortifications and Fort Ricasoli. He introduced windmills to Malta, generating revenue […]
Nicolas Cotoner succeeded his brother, Rafael Cotoner, as Grand Master. He strengthened Malta's defenses by constructing the Cottonera Lines fortifications and Fort Ricasoli. He introduced windmills to Malta, generating revenue […]
Rafael Cotoner joined the Order of Malta at just seven years old in the Langue of Aragon. He expanded the Old Ward of the Sacra Infermeria by 500 feet during […]
Grand Master de Clermont descended from the distinguished Clermont-Tonnerre family, defenders of the Holy See. The Clermont-Tonnerre family was granted the honor of incorporating the apostolic keys into their coat […]
Grand Master de Redín’s election marked a shift in the Order’s leadership toward primarily Spanish and Portuguese influence. He prioritized reinforcing the defenses of Malta and built 14 watchtowers, strengthened […]